Saturday, October 5, 2019
Plan For a Student and an IEP Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words
Plan For a Student and an IEP - Term Paper Example Also, included in this plan are the school administrators, students with the appropriate ages, and related services personnel. The Individualized Education Program acts as the foundation of a quality education ground for each child with any form of disability. This paper will come up with a plan that will look to include a child with disabilities in a general class. It will cover some of the characteristics of the disabled child, a list of personnel assigned to the child, and strategies or modifications needed for the child with disabilities to succeed. Finally, it will come up with an Individualized Education Program for this child. A plan for including a child with disabilities in a general class of learners This section will outline a plan that will seek to include a student with disabilities in a general class of students who do not have disabilities. Characteristics There are ten categories of disabilities that might face students. These categories follow as: autism, development delayed, intellectual, sensory, emotional, neurological, communication, specifically learning disability, physical and other health issues (Bateman, 2006). The student in this research is one who suffers physical disabilities issues. A physically disabled person refers to one whose disabilities are as a result of an improper function of any physical part of their body. This could be the legs, eyes, ears, hands among others. A better word of these individuals would be the term disabled. Some of the characteristics of a physically disabled person are as follows: they lack the ability to walk, blindness or their hands might be deformed (Bateman, 2006). This is because some vital part of their physical body parts might not be functioning properly. Personnel assigned to child Major personnel that should be related to these students for them to perform effectively are the school administration, teachers, other students, parents, and guardians. The child also needs to have a committee sta ff representative. Third party personnel include medical practitioners or health care givers whose duties include dealing with the medical, psychological, or health conditions facing the disabled students (Bateman, 2006). After the Individual Education Plan is created and placement is determined, now comes the implementing part. The child's teachers are accountable for implementing all program modifications, educational services or supports as stated by the Individual Education Plans. Schools should have an Individual Education Plan in place at the start of a school year. Initial Individual Education Plans must be created within a month of the resolve of eligibility. The services stated in the pupil’s Individual Education Plan must be provided as soon as possible. This plan follows as: Yearly review The Individual Education Plan team is responsible for carrying out an annual review of the document. This is important in making sure that the student is meeting educational aims or making progress on the standards specified for every objective (Wright, 2010). Acceptance and amendments A formal Individual Education Plan must be signed by a guardian or parent before any of the stated services may start to function. Nevertheless, guardians or parents do not have to sign any document when it is at first planned (Wright, 2010). Technical safeguards School personnel have a duty to issue the parents of this child with a technical safeguard notice,
Friday, October 4, 2019
Nursing Organizational Presentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
Nursing Organizational Presentation - Essay Example ities that the organization goes by and are in a way related to the amount of loyalty, commitment and productivity that the nurses will give into the organization. As a result, when the values of the organization do not match the values of the nurses, they have do device a way to cope with these differences. Usually, low job satisfaction and rates of high attrition lead to the lack of an opportunity to express values of nurses in their practice and also lead to conflict with organizational constraints. They can then react in various ways to these differences. The first reaction can be through acceptance of the different values of the organization and succumbing to them even if they do not agree with them. They may also reject the notions or values that they disagree with. The third can be innovation on the differing (Diamond, Stickley, Johnston, Stacey, 2010). Depending on the way the nurses react to these values, the patient outcome can be positive or negative. If they are pleased with the way the events turned out, then they can do their best when relating and treating their patients leading to high quality services. On the other hand, if th ey have differing values with those of the organization and are dissatisfied with the management, then the nurses may not appropriately handle the patients and some of them may end up complaining about the attention and treatment that they are getting (Crook, McNeese-Smith 2003). Despite the variation between the values of the organization and the values of the nurses, it is wise to come up with a means of overcoming the workplace challenges and coming up with amicable solutions. This can be done through the use of effective communication through the right channels about what the nurses would like and trying to find a way to deal with it. Some of the effective communication techniques may involve embracing the aspects of the organization’s values that are positive and agreeable with those of the nurses before posing the
Thursday, October 3, 2019
The Glass Cliff Essay Example for Free
The Glass Cliff Essay Ibarra et al suggest that high-potential women often miss out on sponsorship, an element of mentoring that increases the incidence and speed of candidates’ promotion to upper management positions. Bruckmuller and Branscombe illustrate in their article, The Glass Cliff, a gender partiality that exists when companies look to hire a new executive. Companies with predominantly male executives and in stable financial states are more likely to hire another male executive, while a tanking company with male executives will favor the female candidate. Both articles contribute evidence to further back the claim that women receive fewer promotional opportunities than men and identify how our common assumptions about gender and leadership impede our movement towards gender equality. However, neither article does well to disarm the biased reader, consequently placing the transmission of an invaluable message at risk. If the authors’ underlying purpose for writing these articles is to promote equal opportunity at all organizational levels as a means to optimize the utility of available human resources, they do not effectively communicate their message. At first glance, it appears that these articles intend to increase awareness of the additional roadblocks women face on their way to executive suites. Numbers, experiments, and thorough analysis confirm that this is so. I have no doubt that a young ambitious female professional would likely feel outraged at the sight of these figures and feel compelled to join the crusade. However, a man who does not see the benefits of women in management or a woman who does not aspire to be a manager might perceive these articles as personal grievances and greet them with discord. Such an individual might contest that since every author is female, the articles are therefore biased and the integrity of the articles is compromised. In this instance, the message and potential progress towards equal opportunity is lost. To avoid this predicament, I might suggest presenting evidence that would appeal to male executives, as they occupy the majority of the upper echelon positions and thus, possess the mos t power to resist or catalyze change. Perhaps a worthy initiative would be to increase these managers awareness of the similarity–attraction principle, which explains how when given the opportunity to select another member to interact within a group, individuals have a proclivity to select persons who are similar to themselves (i.e. male). The argument could go on to explain to managers how such behavior can detrimentally serve a management team by inhibiting heterogeneity, which research suggests facilitates long-term team performance (Horwitz, 2007). Whether this is a sound argument is debatable, but this topic is much less likely to be met with resistance simply due to the nature of the subject matter. Every executive agrees that long-term team performance is a worthy pursuit. In this scenario, both parties understand the value of the message and have potential to mutually benefit from it. References Horwitz, Sujin K., and Irwin B. Horwitz. The effects of team diversity on team outcomes: A meta-analytic review of team demography. Journal of management 33.6 (2007): 987-1015.
Histomorphometeric Study of Lymphoid Nodules of Vermiform
Histomorphometeric Study of Lymphoid Nodules of Vermiform ABSTRACT Objective: To study the lymphoid tissues of vermiform Appendix at various age groups to establish that appendix is an important organ of gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and its role in etiology of acute appendicitis. Study Design: Comparative study Place and duration: The study was conducted at Islamic International Medical College Rawalpindi from July 2011 to June 2013. Materials and Methods: Four age groups spacing 15 years between each group, except last group (advanced age) which had no limit because of less availability of the specimens, were made. In each group histological sections of 10 normal looking surgically amputated vermiform appendices were included. The parameters including number of lymphoid nodules and diameter of lymphoid nodules measured under the microscope. Results: There was gradual decrease of mean number of lymphoid nodules with advancing age but even at the age of 74 few numbers of lymphoid nodules were observed. There was great variation of diameter of lymphoid nodule at different age groups but at advanced age it was much decreased. Conclusion: The lymphoid nodules decreased with advancing age but these were present even at the age of 74 years. The diameters of lymphoid nodules are remarkable except at advanced age. Key words: Vermiform appendix, lymphoid nodule, Microscope. Introduction The clinical presentations associated with this blind ending tube (vermiform appendix) are so many and diverse that many lives have been lost in the past either due to misdiagnosis, mismanagement or complications associated with it. The appendix length varies from 2 to 20 cm with an average of 9 cm.1 The variable number of lymphoid nodules located in the lamina propria extending to sub-mucosa, are arranged circumferentially around the lumen of the appendix. The crypts of Lieberkuhn are absent between epithelial lining and lymphoid nodules at places where the lymphoid nodules are close to epithelial lining. Zahid A. observed that the vermiform appendix is an important component of mammalian mucosal immune function, particularly B-lymphocyte-mediated immune responses and T-lymphocytes derived extra-thymically and it is also suggested that vermiform appendix is not a vestigial organ.2 The normal function of appendix probably helps to promote local immunity.3 The appendix contains both isolated and aggregated lymphoid follicles and it is a part of gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT).4 The irregularity of the lumen of vermiform appendix is due to mucosal folds which appear due to lymphoid follicles.5 The lymphoid nodules appear in the vermiform appendix about two weeks after birth6. In full term human fetus there is no obvious lymphoid tissue seen in the vermiform appendix but two well organized lymphoid nodules are observed within first two weeks and about 10-12 well organized and prominent lymphoid nodules are visible in transverse section of vermiform appendix of man of thirty two weeks old.7 As the age advances, the weight of the appendix decreases because number and size of lymphoid nodules reduces. In or near appendix, in any pathology, the primary and secondary immune response is high in young age. Materials and Methods This study was conducted at Islamic International Medical College Rawalpindi from July 2011 to June 2013. In this study, a total of 40 normally looking surgically amputated vermiform appendix specimens were included. According to age, these specimens were divided into four equal groups. Each group consists of 10 specimens with spacing of 15 years between each group except the last group. Due to less availability of appendices, the last group ranges from 46-74 years. The groups were as follow: Group A: 0- 15 years Group B: 16-30 years Group C: 31-45 years Group D: 46-74 years The 5 micrometer thickness sectioning of tissue blocks with microtome made. The specimens stained with Haemotoxylin and Eosin. Only the results of middle part of the vermiform appendix are included in this study. The histological slides were examined under the light microscope after calibration of ocular micrometer. Procedure for measurement of the diameter of the lymphoid follicle The measurements were taken twice for each nodules, one was taken among the maximum transverse diameter and another at perpendicular to the first one. Then the number of micrometer divisions were multiplied by the correlation factor derived earlier keeping the magnification constant. Diameter of the lymphoid follicle was calculated as: Maximum transverse Diameter + Perpendicular diameter Diameter of lymphoid follicle = 2 By using the above formula the diameter of all lymphoid nodules of each slide were measured and then mean diameter of each slide calculated. Then the mean diameter of each group calculated as shown in the tables. Discussion At different age groups, the microanatomy of appendix is variable. The lumen size and wall thickness depends on number and diameter of lymphoid nodules. There are large numbers of lymphoid nodules in the vermiform appendix and it is a part of Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT). It is proposed by Zahid A. that appendix perform to train immune system of the body for production of antibodies when exposed to antigen and also play a role in foetal development by manufacturing hormones.2 In this study, the highest number of lymphoid nodules (10.3) is in the group B (16- 30 years) and the lowest number of lymphoid nodules (3.8) is in the group D (46-74 years). In a Bangladesh study8, the highest number of lymphoid follicles was in age group up to 20 years and lowest in age group between 56-70 years and similarly the diameter of lymphoid follicles is highest in age group up to 20 years and lowest in age group of 56-70 years but the age grouping was somewhat different from our study. In another study, the highest average diameter of lymphoid follicles was found in group 0-20 years and lowest average diameter was found above 50 years age.9 The above referred study agreed with Borley5 and Arey.10 In another Bangladesh study11 the mean numbers of lymphoid nodules are less than half of our study. In old age, the numbers of the lymphoid nodules are reduced and these are replaced by fibrous tissue.11,12 It is observed in our study, that although the mean number of lymphoid nodules is lowest (3.8) in group D (45-74Years) but even at the ages of 60 years, 63 years, and 65 years, the number of lymphoid nodules are equivalent to some specimens of group A, B, and C. Even at the age of 74 years three lymphoid nodules were found. Although the lymphoid nodules and other structures in the wall of appendix are replaced by fibrous tissue in old age but normally it is also observed in many adults13. The germinal centers in most of the lymphoid nodules of human appendix are present in the children up to16 years of age but the number of germinal centers are less in adults and they are absent in the nodules in old age persons.14 In our study the germinal centers were not explored. Like the vermiform appendix, the Peyer’s patches (Lymphoid nodules) which are concentrated at distal 25cm of ileum are more numerous in young adults and they become less prominent as age advances.15, 16 Conclusion The lymphoid nodules decreased with advancing age but these were present even at the age of 74 years. The diameters of lymphoid nodules are remarkable except at advanced age. Ann. Pak. Inst. Med. Sci. 2014; 10(3): 161-1641
Wednesday, October 2, 2019
Essays - More Capital Punishment and Less Taxes :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays
Essays - More Capital Punishment and Less Taxes More than 13,000 people have been legally executed since colonial times, most of them in the early 20th Century. By the 1930s, as many as 150 people were executed each year. However, public outrage and legal challenges caused the practice to come to a halt. By 1967, capital punishment had virtually halted in the United States, pending the outcome of several court challenges. Since our nation's founding, the government, colonial, federal and state, has punished murder and, until recent years, rape with the ultimate sanction: death. I think that the nation should still actively use this form of punishment when necessary. More than 2,000 people are on "death row" today. Virtually all are poor, a significant number are mentally retarded or otherwise mentally disabled, more than 40 percent are African American, and a inappropriate number are Native American, Latino and Asian. Does the Death Penalty deter crime, especially murder? No, there is no credible evidence that the death penalty deters crime. States that have death penalty laws do not have lower crime rates or murder rates than states without such laws. And states that have abolished capital punishment, or instituted it, show no significant changes in either crime or murder rates. Don't murderers deserve to die? Certainly, in general, the punishment should fit the crime. But in civilized society, we reject the "eye for an eye" principle of literally doing to criminals what they do to their victims: The penalty for rape cannot be rape, or for arson, the burning down of the arsonist's house. We should, therefore, punish the murderer with death along with all other heinous crimes. If execution is unacceptable, what is the alternative? Incapacitation. Convicted murderers can be sentenced to lengthy prison terms, including life, as they are in countries and states that have abolished the death penalty. Most state laws allow life sentences for murder that severely limit or eliminate the e possibility of parole. At least ten states have life sentences without the possibility of parole for 20, 25, 30 or 40 years, and at least 18 states have life sentences with no possibility of parole. A recent U. S. Justice Department study of public attitudes about crime and punishment found that a majority of Americans support alternatives to capital punishment: When people were presented the facts about several crimes for which death was a possible punishment, a majority chose lengthy prison sentences as alternatives to the death penalty. Maybe it used to happen that innocent people were mistakenly executed, but hasn't that possibility been eliminated?
Tuesday, October 1, 2019
Who Do We Think We Are? :: essays research papers fc
                                             1 Who Do We Think We Are?      Capital Punishment is the penalty of death for a crime. The most common criminals who are executed are convicted murderers. What message is that sending? The use of capital punishment sends the message that murder is okay, as long as it is applied to the right person. The application of capital punishment in our society is hypocritical. It has no place in the judicial system.      The way we handle the punishment of capital crimes is pathetic! There are other ways to punish criminals outside of taking their lives, but we, for some reason, feel the need to play the exterminator. The people who commit capital crimes are not animals to be exterminated. They are human. They deserve the same breath that everyone else takes. If a person commits a heinous crime then that person is obviously not normal. That person is obviously in need of mental help and, we should help these criminals instead of hurting them (religioustolerance.org).      Criminals have families and friends who care about them. Why should the innocent bystanders be punished because of another's actions? Killing anyone, for any reason, only brings on more pain and suffering than is necessary. We should recognize the problems in                                                             2 our society and heal those problems instead of placing a temporary fix on a permanent problem.      Capital punishment is excessive and unnecessary. Killing a criminal only solves one problem and causes many more. The one problem it solves is the criminal is no longer walking the streets. Encarceration would serve the same purpose. If the criminal is encarcerated then he/she no longer poses a direct threat to society, so killing him/her would be overkill (pardon the pun). It causes other problems because the criminal was executed merely out of retribution. Sort of an eye for an eye. Actions like this only keep hatred and condemnation flowing in society (progress.org).      A punishment can only be called a deterrent if it is performed consistantly and promptly. There are three reasons why capital punishment cannot be performed with any consistancy or promptness. 1) The number of convicted murderers sentenced to death are small, and of that number, an even smaller number are actually executed 2)Manditory death sentences are unconstitutional (Woodson v. North Carolina, 1976). 3)A considerable time between the imposition of the death sentence and the actual execution is unavoidable.      If a person is going to premeditate a capital crime, he/she is not going to be
Class Rigidity and Social Mobility
In late eighteenth and early nineteenth century England there was a sort of moral ‘code' of behavior and standards that are to be maintained by the middle and upper classes of society. Austen realistically mirrors this ‘code' through the characters and plots of her novels while showing that social flexibility was narrow and class boundaries were strict. The topics of class stringency and social mobility are important areas in Jane Austen's literature. We begin to see that Austen is not a revolutionary as she supports and preserves the morals and customs of societies ierarchy.However she often encourages and backs the emergence of new wealth permitting greater social mobility. In Austen's world the naval and tradesmen' professions are means by which it is acceptable for peoples to advance their social situations. In Persuasion and Emma, we witness class rigidity as well as class mobility. Characters in the Navvy and those who are newly risen from or ‘in trade' have o btained fortune enough to become accepted into society's upper classes, which suggests that Austen allows some flexibility in her hierarchy. But, in Austen's world here are ‘rules' and limitations to social acceptance and Sir Walter Elliot and Mrs.Clay, and Mr. Elton are reprimanded for overstepping their ‘bounds'. Wealth is then the most principal determining factor of social standings and ‘suitable' matches. With wealth in mind Austen is traditional in her respect for class stability, but she recognizes the benefits of larger social flexibility with new wealth. Austen uses irony and success of the naw and tradesmen' to show the advantages that new wealth has on social mobility. Sir Walter takes great offense to the naval profession nd speaks, I have strong grounds of objection to it.First, as being the means of bringing persons of obscure birth into undue distinction, and raising men to honours which their fathers and grandfathers never dreamt of A man is in grea ter danger in the naw of being insulted by the rise of one whose father, his father might have disdained to speak to, than in any other line. (Austen, Persuasion, 20) Sir Walter is representative of the upper class of the past. He holds tight to his morals and values the traditions of his ancestry. It is evident here that he has great ifficulty in separating someone from his or her family and cannot fathom how one would not follow in his fathers footsteps.This quotation also presents that Sir Walter Elliot personally feels insulted when someone of a random family who started off below him can end up above him. He feels that he should be superior to most Navvy men because the Elliots have been at the top end of the hierarchy for so long. When sir Walter says â€Å"undue distinction†it is ironic because he implies that his distinction was well earned and the distinction and honors ofa naval officer is not. He absurdly believes he should be superior because he didn't have to do any work to achieve his title.At Persuasion's end, Captain Wentworth and Anne Elliot were to be married. Austen described Wentworth, with five-and-twenty thousand pounds, and as high in his profession as merit and activity could place him, [he] was no longer nobody. He was now esteemed quite worthy to address the daughter of a foolish, spendthrift baronet, who had not had principle or sense enough to maintain himself in the situation in which Providence nad placed him, and who could give his daughter at resent but a small part of the share often thousand pounds which must be hers hereafter. Persuasion, 232) This passage shows that new wealth attained by people of low birth can have a great deal of social power Just as ancient families have social influence. It says that Wentworth was no longer a ‘nobody, so he was now worthy of Anne's hand, daughter ofa baronet, as his earnings put him on an upper class scale. By using a passive voice here it implies that society would agree that it does not matter that his wealth came from a profession, wealth is wealth, and he will be held in high regard for his earnings. The narrative also pokes fun at Anne's father, Sir Walter Elliot for being imprudent with his money.This suggests that Wentworth is more favorable to support Anne than Sir Walter, even though he thinks himself highly superior to Wentworth. After Frank Churchill arrives in town Emma takes him to shop at Ford's and says mfou will be adored in Highbury. You were very popular before you came, because you were Mr. Weston's son††(Austen, Emma, 155). Mr. Weston was a former army captain and earned enough money to buy his own land putting him in a higher social situation. This quotation shows that not only is Mr. Weston associated with Highbury, he is held in high regard there.Frank Churchill is also a very wealthy man of the trade and because of his known wealth he is the talk of Highbury society. Through satire of the high-class society (Sir W alter), and through approval and regard for naw and trade' professions as a means of social mobility, Austen shows that the current social structure is moderately changing for the better. Although there are benefits of social mobility from new wealth peoples and patrons, tradition in maintaining class structure is imperative and belonging to a class should be ccompanied with finances. After Mr. Elton proposes to Emma, the narrator attempts to understand Mr.Elton's motives. Perhaps it was not fair to expect him to feel how very much he was her inferior in talent, and all the elegancies of mind. The very want of such equality might prevent his perception of it; but he must know that in fortune and consequence she was greatly his superior. He must know that the Woodhouses had been settled for several generations at Hartfield, the younger branch of a very ancient family†and that the Eltons were nobody. (Emma, 105) The narrator suggests hat Elton cannot comprehend how he is not fit ting of Emma because he himself is unfit.The snobbish tone in this passage attempting to commiserate with Elton is indicative of Austen's disapproval of such a notion. The narrator is trying to fathom why Elton thinks he is of high enough rank to even ask Emma something of the sort. It says ‘he must know suggesting that he should know that he was in the wrong. The narrator calls the Eltons nobodies; this serves as a reminder of their economic situation and place in the social hierarchy. Anne sees a possible threat in the way Mrs. Clay a polite widow recommends herself to her father Sir Walter Elliot.Anne thinks she is widely overstepping her boundaries in regard to rank. Anne, â€Å"felt the imprudence of the arrangement an acute mind and assiduous pleasing manners, infinitely more dangerous attractions than any merely personal might have been. Anne was so impressed by the degree of danger, that she could not excuse herself from trying to make it perceptible to her sisterâ₠¬ (Persuasion, 33). Anne believes it is ner obligation as a member ot the upper class to protect ner tamilYs name. She calls he match a danger and inappropriate because she knows the meaning of a ‘suitable' match, matching in class and rank.She is mindful of her social structure and how it functions and is greatly offended by even the possibility of low rank coming into her family by marriage. Because Anne is the heroine in Persuasion and we as readers associate with her ideals, it becomes clear that Austen wants us to know that marrying into a family with wealth without having wealth oneself is unacceptable. It is evident that Austen is conventional in her respect for societal traditions as none of he marriages in Austen's fiction of which she approved was economically unwise.In close, Austen sticks to tradition but is lenient in accepting new wealth into her social structure. Austen reveals class mobility when she eventually allows Anne to marry Wentworth even though they are of different heritage. The match is acceptable, as he has through the Navvy accumulated fortune and good merit enough to secure Anne's status. She also uses the ridiculousness of Sir Walter to convey that to be of the upper class it does require hard work and management, as he is thoughtless with his money causing him to fall in rank. Mr.
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