Corporate Tax Evasion Essay example - 690 Words

Corporate Tax Evasion A growing trend in our society today is corporate tax evasion. It has become increasing more common for corporations to pay no or little income tax, and in some cases actually receive money back from the government. It is illegal and therefore deviant by that definition. Corporate tax evasion (using borderline legal means) is widespread. White-collar crime is a term that is usually applied to crimes associated with business that do not involve violence or bodily injury to another person. Corporate tax evasion falls into the category of white collar crime. There are 3 types of corporate income taxes as follows: National 30% of taxable income, Local 20.7% of National Tax, and Enterprise 10.08% of†¦show more content†¦Shelters reduce the corporate tax base and thus raise the burden on other taxpayers. Shelters undermine the vitality of our voluntary tax system. Companies feel obliged to follow the lead of competitors who abuse the tax code in a race to the bottom. The New York State Bar recently highlighted the corrosive effect of shelters, stating: The constant promotion of these frequently artificial transactions breeds significant disrespect for the tax system, encouraging responsible corporate taxpayers to follow the lead of other taxpayers who have engaged in tax advantaged transactions. And shelters divert resources from productive investment in the real economy. As a former tax official, now a leading member of a well-known law firm has said, You cant underestimate how many of Americas greatest minds are being devoted to what economists would all say is totally useless economic activity. These evasion shelters include; Lease-In Lease-Out (LILO) shelters whereby companies attempted to avoid tax through circular transactions. In one extreme case, a company leased a town hall from a Swiss municipality and leased it back the same day. This measure saved the corporation $10.2Show MoreRelatedWhy Corporations Are Avoiding Pa ying Millions On The Government Of The United States And Other Countries975 Words   |  4 Pagesavoiding paying taxes to the government of the United States and other countries. This tax avoidance costs the governments of various countries millions, if not billions of dollars in tax revenue every year. The government needs to stop the manipulation of tax loopholes by US corporations who are avoiding paying millions of dollars in taxes each year and eliminate the tax havens and loopholes once and for all. Tax loopholes need to be eliminated because multinational corporations avoid paying billionsRead MoreThe Relationship Between Tax Avoidance And Corporate Social Responsibility1507 Words   |  7 Pagesrelationship of tax avoidance with the corporate social responsibility (CSR) that companies undertake the responsibility for social welfare and development (Matten and Moon, 2008), and ethical behaviour of companies, which can be defined as govern the actions of an individual in the business organizations under contemporary standards (Ferrell and Gresham, 1985). Tax avoidance, which refers to companies use suitable methods to reduce the amount of tax within the law is different with tax evasion, which illegallyRead MoreThe Relationship Of Tax Avoidance With Corporate Social Responsibility1468 Words   |  6 Pagesthat the relationship of tax avoidance with corporate social responsibility (CSR) and ethical behaviour of companies. Specifically, corporate social responsibility can be de fined as companies undertake the responsibility for social welfare and development (Matten and Moon, 2008). For ethical behaviour, it is referred to govern the actions of individuals and organizations in the business under contemporary standards (Epstein, 1987). Moreover, this is the difference between tax avoidance, which companiesRead MoreTax Avoidance2170 Words   |  9 Pagesdistinction between tax avoidance and tax evasion from academic publications. Tax books have defined tax avoidance as â€Å"the lawful minimization of tax liability through sound financial planning techniques, while tax evasion is the â€Å"unlawful attempt to minimize tax liability through fraudulent techniques to circumvent or frustrate tax laws†. The consequences of either action are also clear. The former is not punishable by law while the latter is. However, the lines between evasion and avoidance haveRead MoreThe Relationship Of Tax Avoidance With Corporate Social Responsibility1498 Words    |  6 Pageson the relationship of tax avoidance with corporate social responsibility (CSR) and ethical behaviour of companies. Specifically, corporate social responsibility can be defined as companies undertake the responsibility for social welfare and development (Matten and Moon, 2008). For ethical behaviour, it is referred to govern the actions of individuals and organizations in the business under contemporary standards (Epstein, 1998). Moreover, this is the difference between tax avoidance, which companiesRead MoreBlack Money1302 Words   |  6 Pagesand need to tackle the black money menace, and other related aspects    What does the term Black Money mean? Black money means,the money or income not declared for tax to the govt or relevant authorities, and hence the tax for which is not paid to the government. Thus, in simple words -black money is income on which tax is not paid and deliberately evaded.How black money is generated? Let us take the following two cases for example. 1. A person purchases a property or residential house.Read MoreThe Relationship Of Tax Avoidance With Corporate Social Responsibility1504 Words   |  7 Pageson the relationship of tax avoidance with corporate social responsibility (CSR) and ethical behaviour of companies. Specifically, corporate social responsibility can be defined as companies undertake the responsibility for social welfare and development (Matten and Moon, 2008). For ethical behaviour, it is referred to govern the actions of individuals and organizations in the business under contemporary standards (Epstein, 1998). Moreover, this is the difference between tax avoidance, which companiesRead MoreTax Havens And Its Effects On America1322 Words   |  6 PagesIn addition to allowing corporations to store billions of untaxed dollars, tax havens are also used to support dictators and undemocratic societies. All dictators like Muammar Gaddafi have had billions of dollars stashed in tax havens all around the world. â⠂¬Å"Tax havens are also used as the principal route through which laundered money escapes developing countries.† (Palan) The reason tax havens exist, is for the same reason why they existed 50 years ago; to attract money and investments from aroundRead MoreA Brief Note On Tax Policy Center ( 2016 )1418 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to Tax Policy Center (2016), the income taxes from corporation and individuals have been the largest tax revenue resources in UK for past 50 years. Although zero or extremely low income taxes are applied in the tax haven countries to non-resident individuals and companies, the reason behind that the tax haven countries can be still beneficial is in increasing inward foreign investment. According to Dharmapala and Hines (2009) and Mara (2015), the host country can attract significantly greaterRead MoreCorporate Tax Case Study754 Words   |  4 Pagesthe corporate tax rate in the United States? Yes argument. It is an undisputed fact that the United States has one of the highest corporate tax rates of Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. As a result many American multinationals resort to tax inversions or other methods to try to reduce their tax rate. Consider Apple, which has funnelled profits through Ireland for years rather than repatriate those profits to the United States and pay America’s corporate tax

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Relationship Measures Of Attachment Security And Parental...

The current study investigated the relationship measures of attachment security, parental sensitivity, emotional availability, and child attachment classifications in high-risk parent-child dyads. The first hypothesis was only partially supported, all home- and lab-based measures were positively related but were not all significant. Consistent with past research, home-based measures of attachment security and parental sensitivity were strongly positively related, which adds to the literature supporting the validity of the AQS and MBQS-mini (Tarabulsy, et al., 2009). Moreover, these findings were anticipated as the two measures are complementary and can be assessed using the same parent-child observations. Parental sensitivity was related to all EA dimensions. In contrast, attachment security was not related to any dimensions of EA, except the dimension of adult structuring. The latter findings failed to replicate results in past research which linked measures of attachment security t o dimensions of EA (Biringen et al., 2014). Childhood attachment classifications obtained through the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP) were also examined in this study. Disorganized attachment has shown to be the most detrimental on children. Given the high risk sample, the current study had an even split of secure and disorganized children. These results have been replicated in the past by Easterbrooks, Biesecker, and Lyons-Ruth (2000) with low-income high psychosocial risk families. TheShow MoreRelatedParent Child s At Risk For Relationship Difficulties920 Words   |  4 Pagesfor relationship difficulties. There are three main objectives to this study. The first objective it to relate different indices of parent-child relationships such as: attachment security, parental sensitivity and emotional availability, to assess their relationship quality. It is hypothesized that there will be a relationship between all indices. The second object will attempt to add to the incremental validity of the emotional availability (EA) scales while relating it to early attachment representationsRead MoreFactors That Influence Attachment Between Foster Children And Their Caregivers1161 Words   |  5 Pagesthat influence attachment between foster children and their caregivers. This study contained a sample size of 61 children that ranged in age from two years old to seven years old. Some measures of this study are children that internalize and externalize their behavioral problems and the symptoms that relate to attachment disorder. The hypotheses of this study are that inhibited and disinhibited subtype of reactive attachment disorder have not association with a parents sensitivity, meanwhile anotherRead MoreThe Importance Of Secure Attachment Bonds On Childhood And Their Impact On Social900 Words   |  4 Pagessecure attachment bonds in childhood and their impact on social (Bohlin, Hahekull, Rydell, 2000) em otional (Waters, Virmani, Thompson, Meyer, Jochem, 2010) and cognitive (Bernier, Beauchamp, Carlson, Lalonde, 2015) functioning. High-quality caregiver-infant relationships are critical for development and protect against later psychopathology. As mentioned by Bowlby (1969/1982), early infant interactions with caregivers become internalized and serve as internal models for later relationships. TheseRead MoreHuman Relationships With Considerations Of The Implications For Attachment Theory1594 Words   |  7 Pagesculture in human relationships with considerations of the implications for attachment theory. Bowbly (1959) explains the child’s emotional regulation and attachment to the primary caretaker, as a result of the caretaker’s continues responsiveness and a strategy of the child to keep the primary caretaker close to ensure survival during evolutionary times. It adapts to fit into the appropriate evolutionary niche. This internal working model creates the four main types of attachment: the insecure-avoidantRead MoreThe Role Of Metacognitive Monitoring On The Development Of Learning1096 Words   |  5 Pages Fonagy and colleagues expanded on the concept of metacognitive monitoring to include not only the capacity to think about one’s own mental state but also the ability to reflect on the mental states of one’s attachment figures (Fonagy Target, 1997). Main’s research had focused on the cognitive appraisal processes in the development of metacognition, Fonagy and his colleagues expanded on this to include both the interpersonal and the intersubjective processes in thinking about one’s own and others’Read MoreSubstance Abuse Is An Addiction1626 Words   |  7 Pagesis a significant and growing issue, especially among family units where either one or two parents and/or parental guardians suffer from. Despite the various and complex reasons that cause the parents or parental guardians to abuse substances, it is their children who suffer thus, significantly affecting the parent/parental guardian and child bonding relationship. It is this bonding relations hip when compromised that negatively affects the child’s overall socio-emotional and psychological well-beingRead MorePsychological Research into Individual Differences in Attachment705 Words   |  3 PagesResearch into Individual Differences in Attachment An attachment is a close relationship between two persons, characterised by mutual affection and a desire to maintain proximity (Schaffer 1993). When you are attached to someone, you enjoy their company and are distressed when they are not there. The most common attachment researched is between a baby and its caregiver. Ainsworth et al (1978) researched secure and insecure attachments using the Strange Situation. ThisRead MoreThe Pioneer Of Attachment Theory By John Bowlby1826 Words   |  8 Pagescaregiver-infant relationship and the impact this has on later development has been studied over the past century (Bretherton Munholland, 2008). More specifically, the emotional bond between adult caregiver and child is thought to be vital in laying the foundation on which the child understands themself and the world around them (Speiker, Oxford, Kelly, Nelson Fleming, 2012). The pioneer of attachment theory, John Bowlby (1969), underscored the importance of child to parent attachments in his landmarkRead MoreDevelopment And Measurement Of Attachment2389 Words   |  10 PagesDevelopment and Measurement of Attachment in Early Childhood Attachment refers to the specific, strong, long-term binds in human interpersonal relationship. When getting along with whom one form attachment with, one would feel secure and comforted. Though some said that the attachment was firstly formed in pregnancy, the main formation of attachment is mostly developed in infancy and early childhood (less than 5 years old). In the second half of the first year, infant would start to recognizeRead MoreThe Legal Basis For Maternity1342 Words   |  6 Pageswith young children who are employed, the majority (65%) return to work shortly after the birth of their child, and most work full time (Hayghe, 1986). In light of these statistics for maternal employment, child and family advocates have pushed for parental leave legislation and supportive policies in employment settings. Prior to 1963, the fact that women bear children was treated as a legal justification for excluding women from certain occupations, limiting their hours of work, paying women less

Research and Development in Information Retrieval †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Research and Development in Information Retrieval. Answer: Introduction: Generally a menu in any food outlet is intended to play two major roles to the customers; display what types of foods which are offered and how much they are expected to pay for each one of them. However, this should not always be the case (DiGregorio, 2017). The menu can as well entail the, goals, and focus of the outlet at the same time be customer enticing and promote the profitability. As it is in every business, the outlet owners aim is at making the best out of the business but the achievement of this goal lies in how the menu is engineered. Information about the outlet and its services in the menu can be of great use particularly to new customers. Such information can cover on allergic ingredients as it is crucial for customers having food intolerance or allergies to make informed choices in the event of making their orders. Such information covers for potential risks associated to customers' health. Customers psychology is paramount and thus in the attempt to design the menu, their psychology should be appeased and met (Chang, Ciampo Mitchell, 2017). Color for example green is said to imply freshly picked foods from the garden while orange and red on the other hand stimulates appetite, increase oxygen supply and grab attention of the customers respectively. How items are listed in the menu is important. Conventionally most customers order for items in the top two or at the bottom. Therefore cost-effective dishes should be placed in either of the prime positions management. Kokoro food Outlet is a highly crowded fast-food outlet based in the Gungahlin village-suburbs of Canberra which is roughly 10km from the city.Its location being one of the rapidly growing towns in Australia, the outlet serves numerous customers a day. Its foundation is associated with its founder as well as CEO-Mr. Park whose wish was to find a place that offered cheap, decent oriented dishes and simple with a quick service to its customers regardless of the day being busy. Sushi being the pioneer food item at Kokoro restaurant serves as the restaurants theme, it is hand-made Sushi or simply rice has a Japanese origin whose preparation as a dish entail addition of vinegar, sugar, salt together with a number of ingredients like vegetables, tropical fruits on some occasions and seafood (Usher, 2018). Among the dishes that better up Kokoros theme is Soy Sauce and curry. Kokoros menu is classified into three main categories of its dishes; Hot foods Cold foods Soups, sides and salad. The Menu Review Under Hot foods which are their main dishes are twelve items. Chicken of various forms cloud the category (Terayaki,spicy curry, sweet and sour, sweet and chilli, katsu curry).Down the list is spicy pork, Tofu, Salmon, beef stew, Yokisoba, steamed rice and finally kokoro pick and mix. Second category which comprises cold food has sixteen items namely Inari pocket, Tuma Hosomaki Set, Salmon Hosomaki set, vegetable Hosamaki set, Mini California Roll Set, Nigiri and Roll Set, Salmon Nigiri Set, Assorted Nigiri Set, MiniMaki Delight Set, Tuna and Salom Set, Deluxe Nigiri and Roll set just to name a few (Bianco, 2017). The third and last category is Sides, Soups and Salads. The list items are eighteen. The items bellow it is made from vegetables, chicken Seafood such as prawn and seaweed and crab. From Kororos menu, it can be concluded that its menu contains five major food products. These are chicken, beef, Rice, pork and seafood. Nutrition wise as per medical news today, among the food items offered at kokoro restaurant fish, meat, salmon, eggs, chicken, vegetables and meat figure in the top fifteen most nutritious food (Melchiori et al, 2017). However, Kororos Menu is not up to date (Elsweiler, Trattner Harvey, 2017). References Bianchini, D., De Antonellis, V., De Franceschi, N. and Melchiori, M., 2017. PREFer: A prescription-based food recommender system. Computer Standards Interfaces, 54, pp.64-75. Bianco, C., 2017. Bianco: Pizza, Pasta, and Other Food I Like. HarperCollins. Chang, S., Ciampo, M. and Mitchell, H., 2017. Creating Images with Impact: Food Photography Tips from MyPlate. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 117(8), pp.1171-1173. DiGregorio, S., 2017. Adventures in Slow Cooking: 120 Slow-Cooker Recipes for People Who Love Food. HarperCollins. Elsweiler, D., Trattner, C. and Harvey, M., 2017, August. Exploiting food choice biases for healthier recipe recommendation. In Proceedings of the 40th international acm sigir conference on research and development in information retrieval (pp. 575-584). ACM. Usher, J., 2018. Julia Usher| Recipes for a Sweet Life. Cell, 314, pp.960-2712.